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STATS 101: Lecture 5

Conditional Probability

P (A | B) = \frac{P (A \cap B)}{P (B)}

Conditional probability as overlap over condition.

Aevent of interest

Bgiven condition

A ∩ Boverlap of both events

Cellular Respiration: ATP Yield

Most ATP comes from oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Stage	ATP
Glycolysis	2
Krebs Cycle	2
ETC	~26-28

Gly Krebs ETC

Key idea

ETC uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthase, producing most ATP.

Supply-Demand Shift

Demand increase shifts equilibrium from E₀ to E₁.

Initial Eq.E₀

New Eq.E₁

Price↑

Quantity↑

Rightward demand shift increases both equilibrium price and quantity when supply is unchanged.

Chat Quiz Notes

Example: in a class, 30 students play soccer, and 9 of those soccer players wear glasses.

P (G | S) = \frac{9}{30} = 0.30

So a soccer player has a 30% chance of wearing glasses.

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

A) Glycolysis

B) Krebs cycle

C) Electron transport chain

Incorrect: you selected A) Glycolysis. Correct answer: C) Electron transport chain, which produces most ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

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